Self-study Resources for the 2025 US Citizenship Test

The official web page for the study materials and the questions is online at Study for the Test You can download the official PDFs:

Cross-reference for the Questions to the Study Guide

For each page of the questions of the official test which has been made into a part of this self-study packet, you can find the relevant text in the PDF, One Nation, One People: The USCIS 2025 Civics Test Study Guide, by looking on the cross-reference list below.

Questions 1-15: Principles of American Government

Note: Question 1 asks about the "form of government of the U.S." and an answer "representative democracy" is implied here. Other acceptable answers are "republic" and "constitution-based federal republic". None of these phrases are explicitly written in the text of the Study Guide, which says: “The people of the United States govern themselves by electing representatives who serve in the local, state, and U.S. governments.” (p.9)

Q4 "The U.S. Constitution starts with the words "We the People." What does "We the People" mean?": Study Guide p.9

Q7 "How many amendments does the U.S. Constitution have?"*: Study Guide p.15, 16

Q9 "What founding document said the American colonies were free from Britain?": Study Guide p.49

Q10 "Name two important ideas from the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.": Study Guide p.9, 48

Q11 "The words “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” are in what founding document?": Study Guide p.49

Note: Question 12 asks about the “economic system of the United States”. Acceptable answers are “capitalism” and “free market economy”. The Study Guide text reads “The economic system in the United States is called a ‘capitalist economy’. It is also sometimes called a ‘market economy’.” (p.63)

Q14 "Many documents influenced the U.S. Constitution. Name one.": Study Guide p. 33

Questions 16-30: System of Government

Q17 "The President of the United States is in charge of which branch of government?": Study Guide p.12, 24

Q24 "How many voting members are in the House of Representatives?": Study Guide p.19, 22

Q25 "How long is a term for a member of the House of Representatives?": Study Guide p.20, 21

Q26 "Why do U.S. representatives serve shorter terms than U.S. senators?": Study Guide p.21

Note: The acceptable answer for question 26 "To more closely follow public opinion" is not found in the test of the Study Guide.

Note: the exact reason is not given in the text of the study guide. The acceptable answers for question 28 are: "equal representation (for small states)" and "the Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)"

Q30 "What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?"*: Study Guide p.20

Questions 31-45: System of Government (continued)

Q33 "Who does a member of the House of Representatives represent?": Study Guide p.19

Q35 "Some states have more representatives than other states. Why?": Study Guide p.19

Q36 "The President of the United States is elected for how many years?"*: Study Guide p.26

Q37 "The President of the United States can serve only two terms. Why?": Study Guide p.27

Q38 "What is the name of the President of the United States now?"*: Study Guide p.27

Q39 "What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?"*: Study Guide p.27

Q40 "If the president can no longer serve, who becomes president?": Study Guide p.27

Questions 46-62: System of Government (continued)

Note: there is no information about the Electoral College in the 2025 Study Guide. Acceptable answers to question 49 are: "It decides who is elected president." and "It provides a compromise between the popular election of the president and congressional selection." See also What is the Electoral College?

Note: the wording of the question refers to "seats", however the text of the Study Guide says "There are nine justices on the Supreme Court." The acceptable answer is "nine (9)".

Q54 "How many Supreme Court justices are usually needed to decide a case?": Study Guide p.31

Note: in regards to questions 55 and 56, the Study Guide does not explicitly say that the justices of the Supreme Court are appointed and confirmed to serve for their lifetime (unless they choose to retire), or use the term "judicial independence. The Study Guide says "The Founders wanted federal judges to make decisions based on the Constitution and the rule of law. This is why federal judges are not elected to office."

Note: The Study Guide contains no explicit reference to the 10th amendment, which states ""The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." See also Tenth Amendment Rights Reserved to the States and the People. The acceptable answer provided in the Study Guide is "(It states that the) powers not given to the federal government belong to the states or to the people.

Questions 63-72: Rights and Responsibilities

Q63 "There are four amendments to the U.S. Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.": Study Guide p.35

Q64 "Who can vote in federal elections, run for federal office, and serve on a jury in the United States?": Study Guide p.35

Q65 "What are three rights of everyone living in the United States?": Study Guide p.34

Q66 "What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance?"*: Study Guide p.71

Q67 "Name two promises that new citizens make in the Oath of Allegiance.": Study Guide p.36

Q69 "What are two examples of civic participation in the United States?": Study Guide p.34

Q72 "It is important for all men age 18 through 25 to register for the Selective Service. Name one reason why." Study Guide p.35

Note: in regards to questions 71 and 72, although the Study Guide doesn't specifically state why we pay taxes and why men register with the Selective Service, it is because these are federal laws we must obey. Acceptable answers include "required by law" and "civic duty".

Questions 73-89: American History - Colonial Period and Independence

Q73 "The colonists came to America for many reasons. Name one.": Study Guide p.44, 46

Q76 "What war did the Americans fight to win independence from Britain?": Study Guide p.47, 48

Q77 "Name one reason why the Americans declared independence from Britain.": Study Guide p.48

Q80 "The American Revolution had many important events. Name one.": Study Guide p.50

Q83 "The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers.": Study Guide p.52

Q85 "Benjamin Franklin is famous for many things. Name one.": Study Guide p.8, 50

Q86 "George Washington is famous for many things. Name one."*: Study Guide p.8, 48, 52, 53

Q88 "James Madison is famous for many things. Name one.": Study Guide p.8, 33, 52

Q89 "Alexander Hamilton is famous for many things. Name one. B: 1800s": Study Guide p.56

Note: for questions 85-89, there are many acceptable answers provided in the Study Guide Index. Please review the answers there and select one to use in your response.

Questions 90-99: American History - 1800s

Q90 "What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803?": Study Guide p.54

Q91 "Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s.": Study Guide p.56, 59

Q97 "What amendment says all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are U.S. citizens?": Study Guide p.61

Note: acceptable answers are "after the Civil War", "during Reconstruction", "(the) 15th Amendment, "1870." The 15th amendment is not mentioned by name in the Study Guide itself.

Q99 "Name one leader of the women’s rights movement in the 1800s.": Study Guide p.59

Note: In the Study Guide index, for question 99, there is a list of women which includes Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott and Lucy Stone. (see also Woman Suffrage and the 19th Amendment. Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth are also acceptable answers. These women were at the forefront of efforts to gain citizenship for formerly enslaved people, both men and women.

Questions 100-118: Recent American History and Other Important Historical Information

Note: the Study Guide text does not explicitly state a reason why the U.S. entered World War I. Acceptable answers are: "because Germany attacked U.S. (civilian) ships", "to support the Allied Powers (England, France, Italy, and Russia)" and "to oppose the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria)".

Note: the Study Guide does not mention the 19th amendment by name. Acceptable answers are: "1920", "after World War I", or "19th Amendment".

Q105 "Who was president during the Great Depression and World War II?": Study Guide p.64

Q108 "Who was the United States’ main rival during the Cold War?": Study Guide p.65

Note: Although the words "main rival" are not used in the Study Guide, "Russia", "USSR" or "the Soviet Union "are acceptable answers to question 108.

Q109 "During the Cold War, what was one main concern of the United States?": Study Guide p.65

Note: for questions 110 and 111, the reason provided in the Study Guide text is "Other countries like China and North Korea were also becoming communist. The U.S. wanted to stop other countries around the world from becoming communist." By implication Vietnam is included, despite not being mentioned in this page. An acceptable answer is "to stop the spread of communism".

Q113 "Martin Luther King, Jr. is famous for many things. Name one."*: Study Guide p.66

Note: the Study Guide text does not provide any reason for U.S. entering the (Persian) Gulf War. An acceptable answer is "to force the Iraqi military from Kuwait".

Q115 "What major event happened on September 11, 2001 in the United States?"*: Study Guide p.67

Q116 "Name one U.S. military conflict after the September 11, 2001 attacks.": Study Guide p.67

Note: despite the mention of events after 9/11/2001, the wars fought by the U.S. in the Middle East and Afghanistan are not mentioned in the text of the Study Guide. Acceptable answers are: "War on Terror", "war in Afghanistan" and "war in Iraq".

Q117 "Name one American Indian tribe in the United States. For a complete list of tribes, please visit bia.gov.": Study Guide p.55

Note: the Study Guide does not use the word "innovation" but there is a sentence "In 1969, the U.S. became the first country to land a person on the moon." Other acceptable answers which do not occur in the Study Guide are: "light bulb", "automobile (cars, internal combustion engine)", "skyscrapers", "airplane", "assembly line", and "integrated circuit".

Questions 119-128: Symbols and Holidays

Q124 "The Nation’s first motto was “E Pluribus Unum.” What does that mean?": Study Guide p.71

Note: there is no mention in the Study Guide text of the Latin saying "e pluribus unum" or of a national motto. The acceptable answers are "out of many, one" or "we all become one".

20 Questions specific to over-65 applicants (asterisked in the quiz)

Q1 "What is the form of government of the United States?": Study Guide p.9

Q2 "What is the supreme law of the land?"*: Study Guide p.9, 15

Q7 "How many amendments does the U.S. Constitution have?"*: Study Guide p.15, 16

Q12 "What is the economic system of the United States?"*: Study Guide p.12, 17

Note: Question 12 asks about the "economic system of the United States". Acceptable answers are "capitalism" and "free market economy". The Study Guide text reads "The economic system in the United States is called a 'capitalist economy'. It is also sometimes called a 'market economy'." (p.63)

Q20 "Name one power of the U.S. Congress.": Study Guide p.18, 22

Q30 "What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?"*: Study Guide p.20

Q36 "The President of the United States is elected for how many years?"*: Study Guide p.26

Q38 "What is the name of the President of the United States now?"*: Study Guide p.27

Q39 "What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?"*: Study Guide p.27

Q44 "Who vetoes bills?"*: Study Guide p.26

Q52 "What is the highest court in the United States?"*: Study Guide p.29, 31

Q61 "Who is the governor of your state now?"*: Study Guide p.14

Q66 "What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance?"*: Study Guide p.71

Q74 "Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived?"*: Study Guide p.43

Q78 "Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?"*: Study Guide p.49

Q86 "George Washington is famous for many things. Name one.": Study Guide p.8, 48, 52, 53

Q94 "Abraham Lincoln is famous for many things. Name one.": Study Guide p.60

Q113 "Martin Luther King, Jr. is famous for many things. Name one. * Study Guide p.66