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CHAPTER 2: THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH (CONGRESS) /
CAPÍTULO 2: LA RAMA LEGISLATIVA (EL CONGRESO)

NOTE: click on red numbers to see related questions from the 2025 citizenship test.
NOTA: haga clic en los números rojos para ver las preguntas relacionadas del examen de ciudadanía de 2025.

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In this chapter, you will learn about:

  • The Legislative Branch of the U.S. government.
  • The House of Representatives.
  • The Senate.
  • The process for making federal laws.

The Legislative Branch is one branch or part of the government.[q16] Another name for the Legislative Branch is the U.S. Congress.

The Constitution says that Congress makes federal laws.[q18] When the Founders were writing the Constitution, they believed that the power to make laws is the most important power in government. This is why the first section of the Constitution describes Congress and the power to make federal laws.

During the Constitutional Convention, the Founders agreed that the people who make laws should represent the states or parts of states where they lived.

When the Constitutional Convention started, the Founders did not agree on how many representatives each state should have in Congress. Some people thought that the number of representatives from each state should be based on the number of people living in the state.[q28] Others thought that each state should have the same number of representatives, no matter how many people lived in the state. They came to an agreement to have two parts to the U.S. Congress. The two parts to the U.S. Congress are the House of Representatives and the Senate.[q19]

States that have more people have more representatives in the House of Representatives,[q35] and every state in the United States has two U.S. Senators[q27].

Legislature is one branchof the US government[Diagram: U.S. Government — Legislative Branch (Congress), Executive Branch (President), Judicial Branch (Supreme Court); U.S. Congress divides into U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate]

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En este capítulo, aprenderá sobre:

  • La Rama Legislativa del gobierno de los Estados Unidos.
  • La Cámara de Representantes.
  • El Senado.
  • El proceso para hacer leyes federales.

La Rama Legislativa es una rama o parte del gobierno. Otro nombre para la Rama Legislativa es el Congreso de los Estados Unidos.

La Constitución dice que el Congreso hace las leyes federales. Cuando los Fundadores estaban escribiendo la Constitución, creían que el poder de hacer leyes es el poder más importante del gobierno. Es por eso que la primera sección de la Constitución describe al Congreso y el poder de hacer leyes federales.

Durante la Convención Constitucional, los Fundadores acordaron que las personas que hacen las leyes deben representar a los estados o partes de los estados donde vivían.

Cuando comenzó la Convención Constitucional, los Fundadores no estaban de acuerdo sobre cuántos representantes debería tener cada estado en el Congreso. Algunas personas pensaban que el número de representantes de cada estado debería basarse en el número de personas que vivían en el estado. Otros pensaban que cada estado debería tener el mismo número de representantes, sin importar cuántas personas vivieran en el estado. Llegaron a un acuerdo para tener dos partes en el Congreso de los Estados Unidos. Las dos partes del Congreso de los Estados Unidos son la Cámara de Representantes y el Senado.

Los estados que tienen más personas tienen más representantes en la Cámara de Representantes, y cada estado de los Estados Unidos tiene dos Senadores de los Estados Unidos.

[Diagrama: Gobierno de los Estados Unidos — Rama Legislativa (Congreso), Rama Ejecutiva (Presidente), Rama Judicial (Corte Suprema); el Congreso se divide en la Cámara de Representantes y el Senado]

THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES / LA CÁMARA DE REPRESENTANTES

Voting Members of the House of Representatives / Miembros Votantes de la Cámara de Representantes

Electing Members of the House of Representatives / Elección de Miembros de la Cámara de Representantes

The Speaker of the House / El Presidente de la Cámara

THE SENATE / EL SENADO

U.S. Senators / Senadores de los Estados Unidos

Electing U.S. Senators / Elección de Senadores de los Estados Unidos

The House and the Senate are 2 parts of Congress

MAKING FEDERAL LAWS / CÓMO SE HACEN LAS LEYES FEDERALES

English
Question 16

Name the three branches of government.

English
Question 18

What part of the federal government writes laws?

English
Question 19

What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

English
Question 20

Name one power of the U.S. Congress. *

English
Question 21

How many U.S. senators are there?

English
Question 22

How long is a term for a U.S. senator?

English
Question 23

Who is one of your state's U.S. senators now?

English
Question 24

How many voting members are in the House of Representatives?

English
Question 25

How long is a term for a member of the House of Representatives?

English
Question 26

Why do U.S. representatives serve shorter terms than U.S. senators?

English
Question 27

How many senators does each state have?

English
Question 28

Why does each state have two senators?

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Question 29

Name your U.S. representative.

English
Question 30

What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now? *

English
Question 31

Who does a U.S. senator represent?

English
Question 32

Who elects U.S. senators?

English
Question 33

Who does a member of the House of Representatives represent?

English
Question 34

Who elects members of the House of Representatives?

English
Question 35

Some states have more representatives than other states. Why?

English
Question 43

Who signs bills to become laws?

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Question 44

Who vetoes bills? *

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Question 64

Who can vote in federal elections, run for federal office, and serve on a jury in the United States?